Japanese companies have long been recognized for their reliable reputation in global financial markets. However, recent developments surrounding protectionist policies in the United States have introduced new challenges in the realm of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The case involving Nippon Steel (5401.T) and its attempted $14.9 billion acquisition of U.S. Steel (X.N) clearly illustrates how evolving regulatory and geopolitical factors can influence deal structures and negotiating strategies.